PIPages
Labs

Daniel McFarland

Stanford University, CA·Social Science

A patent is not simply a description of an invention — it is the negotiated outcome of an argument. An inventor files claims; an examiner may reject them as obvious or as not new; the inventor rebuts, narrows, or redesigns.

Fields

Social Science

Computer Science

Mathematics & Statistics

Topics

patents

patent examination

innovation

Grants
1 known grant, through Aug 2028

What they work on

  1. Measure how patent claims are transformed during prosecution across all public U.S. Patent and Trademark Office applications, using natural language processing, machine learning, and qualitative coding of examiner and applicant documents.
  2. Characterize how examiners interpret prior art and application claims and how applicants offer counter-interpretations in rebuttals, combining natural language processing with qualitative coding.
  3. Model how examiner–applicant interactions reshape emergent technological claims and relate to the long-run value of patented technology, fitting panel multinomial logit models.
  4. Test whether examiners and inventors learn across repeated examinations, developing strategies that make patent execution more efficient and effective.

More about the research

This project asks how that back-and-forth shapes what technology ends up protected, how valuable it turns out to be, and more broadly how research gets translated into use.

Why it matters

The patent system is the main gate between laboratory research and usable technology, yet how examiner–inventor negotiation changes inventions is largely unmeasured. Quantifying this process could inform how patent offices train and assign examiners, how applicants draft and amend claims, and policy aimed at improving the translation of research into technologies that reach the public.

Known grants

From NIH and NSF research grants. Labs often have other funding we can't see.

How the Dynamics between Inventors and Patent Examiners Determines Innovation

NSF · Sep 2025 – Aug 2028

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The school

Stanford University: 87 labs on PI Pages, $1.6B a year on research, 739 research doctorates a year.

More about Stanford University

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